ANDHRA PRADESH ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION

11-4-660, 4th & 5th Floors, Singareni Bhavan, Red Hills, Hyderabad.

 

O R D E R

 

R.P.No. 3 / 2004

R.P.No. 4 / 2004

 

Dated    05- 07- 2004

Between

M/s. Bio-mass Energy Developers Association

M/s. Sree Rayalaseema Hi-strength Hypo Ltd.                                   …. Petitioner

AND

Transmission Corporation of A P Limited                                           ….Respondent

 

            Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (hereinafter the Commission) initiated suo-motu proceedings for determination of tariff applicable to  Non-Conventional Energy (NCE) Projects of Andhra Pradesh to take effect from 01-04-2004 onwards.

 

2)         The Commission passed the order dated 20-03-2004 in R.P.No.84 / 2003 in O.P. No. 1075/2000, wherein the Commission determined the tariff terms and conditions for purchase of energy by Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (hereinafter APTRANSCO) from the following categories of Non-Conventional Energy based Power Projects.

i)                    Biomass based energy and  Biomass-based co-generation plants

ii)                  Bagasse based Co-generation plants

iii)                Mini-Hydel Power projects

iv)                Wind Electricity Generators

v)                  Industrial Waste based Energy projects

vi)                Municipal Waste based Energy projects.

 

3)         While deciding the purchase price and other terms in respect of different categories of NCE Projects, the Commission adopted a “Cost plus” approach and allowed a fair amount of return instead of the adhoc price earlier fixed based on the guidelines of Ministry of Non- Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) issued in 1993.  While rationalizing the tariffs and adopting the cost plus approach, the tariff for some categories of NCE Developers underwent a revision leading to reduction in the tariffs which they were enjoying earlier.  Aggrieved by some of the provisions of the said order,   the following developers of NCE projects filed writ petitions in the Hon’ble High Court of Andhra Pradesh:

i)                    M/s. Bio-mass Energy Developers’ Association

ii)                  M/s. Small Hydro Power Developers’ Association

iii)                M/s. Sree Rayalaseema Hi-Strength Hypo Ltd (Bio-mass Developer)

iv)                M/s. Vensa Bio-Tek Limited

v)                  M/s. Active Power Corporation

vi)                M/s. South India Sugar Mills Association

vii)              M/s. Raus Power Pvt. Ltd

viii)            M/s. Sai Renewable Power Pvt. Ltd.

 

Out of the above, for the present order dealing with Biomass Energy developers, those listed at serial numbers (i) and (iii) only are relevant. The Commission is passing separate orders on other categories of developers such as Mini Hydel, Bagasse, Waste to energy.

 

4)         The Hon’ble High Court by order dated 27-04-2004 directed as under:

                        “The Petitioner-Association is permitted to file review petition against the impugned order dated 20-03-2004 before APERC as contemplated under section 94 (1) (f) of the Electricity Act, 2003 within a period of ten days from the date of issue of the order (27-04-2004) and on such filing, the respondent  Regulatory Commission is directed to  dispose of the same within a period of eight weeks thereafter.  Till passing of such order, as per the interim orders passed by the Court on 01-04-2004, the existing tariffs shall continue to be in force.”

 

5)         Following the directions of the Hon’ble High Court, the Bio-mass Energy Developers’ Association in R.P.No. 3 / 2004 and M/s. Sree Rayalaseema    Hi-Strength Hypo Ltd in R.P. No. 4 / 2004 filed  petitions before the Commission for review of the impugned order dated 20.3.2004.  The APTRANSCO, Sri. M.Venugopala Rao, Correspondent, Prajashakthi and Peoples Monitoring Group on Electricity Regulation also filed petitions for review of the impugned order dated 20.3.2004 passed by the Commission, for downward revision of the tariffs. The other parties were given opportunities to file replies to the review petition by NCE developers or APTRANSCO etc., as the case may be.  The copies of the review petition of APTRANSCO was also served on NCE Developers who had earlier participated in the proceedings for determination of the tariffs, terms and conditions leading to the passing of the impugned Order dated 20 March 2004 by the Commission.  The Commission conducted a hearing on 08-06-2004 and invited the developers, APTRANSCO, Sri. M.Venugopala Rao, Correspondent, Prajashakthi, and Peoples Monitoring Group on Electricity Regulation to present their case on the review petitions filed before the Commission. NEDCAP had also been directed to present their views in the hearing as intervenor.

 

6)         The issues raised by the parties for the review of the impugned order dated 20.3.2004 and the decision of the Commission on the review sought are as under:

 

ISSUES RAISED BY BIOMASS ENERGY DEVEOPERS’ ASSOCIATION  AND   M/s. SREE RAYALASEEMA HI-STRENGTH HYPO LTD. (PETITIONERS)

 

 

7)         Capital Cost :          

The Petitioners submitted that the Commission had proceeded to determine the capital cost without considering the increases in the price of some of the components of the project cost. The project cost cannot be determined on the basis of prices of these components as prevailing earlier. The project cost for old and new  projects should be different.  The Petitioners stated that there has been in the recent years significant increase in the prices of steel, copper, cement and labour.  The increases have also been on account of withdrawal of Central Excise exemptions on many of the equipments. These have not been factored by the Commission while determining the project cost.  The project cost determined by the Commission at Rs. 4 crore per MW is therefore low and should be revised upwards at least by Rs. 50 to 70 lacs.

 

APTRANSCO objected to the above plea of the Petitioners and stated that the project cost determined by the Commission at Rs.4 crores is appropriate. Other objectors, Sri. M. Venugopala Rao and Peoples Monitoring Group,  contended that the project cost of Rs. 4 crs / MW  is on the higher side. APTRANSCO stated that the project cost of some of the Biomass projects which are now at the threshold of financial closure such as the project of M/s Amaravati Textiles Limited is around Rs. 4 crores only. Therefore the claim of the Petitioners for increase in the project cost is not justified.

 

While determining the Capital cost of the projects, the Commission in its order dated 20.3.2004 (paragraph 49) had considered the views of the developers, NEDCAP and APTRANSCO and come to the conclusion that the project cost should be Rs.4 crores per MW. Paragraph 49 of the Commission’s said order reads as under:

 

“The developers in their initial filings submitted that                    Rs.4 Crs. / MW of the project cost adopted by APTRANSCO is lower, compared to the actual cost incurred which is in the range of                 Rs.4.00 Crs to 4.11 Crs / MW.  APTRANSCO submitted that the benchmark of capital cost as submitted by them (APTRANSCO) is based on the information provided in the DPRs and the cost would actually decrease further if capital subsidy provided by the State Government to these projects is also considered.

 

M/s. NEDCAP replied that no capital subsidy is provided by the State Government for Biomass projects and the indicative project cost is Rs. 4 Crs. per  MW only.

 

During the hearing with the developers, after detailed deliberations, the Biomass Energy Developers Association (BEDA) agreed for consideration of the project cost at Rs. 4 Crs/ MW.

 

One Developer, namely M/s. R.R. Bio-Energy Ltd, stated that he proposed to set up a 12 MW power plant based on integrated gasification combined cycle technology whose capital cost according to them worked to out Rs.9 Crs / MW.   The cost of the generation therefore was estimated at Rs. 4.35 / unit.  While the Commission appreciates the efforts of the developer in the implementation of new technology, it is of the opinion that the burden of such abnormal tariffs cannot be passed on the consumers.

 

Based on the above, the Commission accepts the benchmark capital cost of Rs. 4 Crs / MW for Biomass projects”.

 

Thus the Commission adopted the benchmark capital cost of                    Rs. 4 crores per MW for all projects existing, under commissioning  and new.  The project cost in some of the projects and in particular the existing projects commissioned in or prior to 2001 may be lower than Rs.4 crores per MW. In the affidavit dated 07-05-2004 filed before the Commission, the Biomass Association had not disputed the project cost at Rs.4 crores per MW for the existing projects.  The Commission had also considered the specific submissions of some of the developers that their project cost is higher because of their adopting a new technology. The Commission had to keep the interest of the consumers too in view and could not allow the higher project cost as the project cost has a direct bearing on the consumer tariff. Considering all the relevant factors, the Commission adopted the benchmark capital cost without going into the cost of the individual projects.  By its very nature, it will neither be practical nor appropriate to determine the project cost on a case-to-case basis or factor adjustments for the prices of input components.  In order for the Commission to direct APTRANSCO to purchase the power generated from such projects, it is necessary that the tariff is affordable and therefore the project cost should be related to a benchmark capital cost.  The Commission cannot allow higher capital cost because of peculiarities of a few projects. 

 

Hence, the Commission considers that there is no case for review of its order dated 20-03-2004 determining the project cost at Rs. 4 crores per MW.

 

8)         Plant Load Factor (PLF): 

The Petitioners have challenged the determination of the threshold PLF in the impugned order dated 20-03-2004 at 80% on the ground that the same is not based on any scientific data and the ability of the Petitioners to achieve. The Petitioners suggest a threshold PLF of 70% only. The Petitioners have stated that the difficulty in achieving the PLF above 70% is on account of various factors such as the use of mixed fuels, the fibrous nature of some of Biomass fuels, presence of sodium salts, due to which the calorific value of the fuel used changes continuously and that these factors affect the machine and its performance. The Petitioners have, however stated that the PLF even above 80% has been possible now since all biomass plants are new but the problem will arise when the plants get old. One of the objectors viz., Peoples Monitoring Group contended that PLF of 80% as allowed is on the lower side and would lead to super profits to the developers.

 

In reply to the petitioners, APTRANSCO has contented that the problems outlined by the petitioners are generic in nature and common for all such plants. APTRANSCO has stated that as per the data available with APTRANSCO, the PLF of most of the projects is over 80%.

 

The Commission in its impugned order dated 20-03-2004 (paragraph 50) concluded as under:

“APTRANSCO has considered a plant load factor of 80% for computation of the tariff.  M/s. NEDCAP also suggested a PLF of 80%.  However the developers contended that the PLF should be considered at 70% in view of the uncertainties involved.

The Commission reviewed the PLFs achieved by the Biomass power plants during the past 2 / 3 years as submitted by APTRANSCO and it appears that these projects can achieve PLF of 80%.

The Developers during hearing also admitted that the PLF of over 80% is achievable.

The Commission therefore considers a PLF of 80% as threshold for fixed cost coverage”.

 

The tariffs for the Biomass projects have been fixed as per the performance level possible during the period of the PPA. The NEDCAP in its affidavit dated 25.5.2004 has confirmed that the PLF at average 80% is achievable for the life time period of the Biomass power projects. The data available indicates that the projects as at present are achieving more than 80% PLF.  This has also been conceded by the petitioners.  The issue of what should be the PLF when the projects are old is not relevant at this stage. The project developers are expected to recover their costs including profits with 80%PLF determined by the Commission. There is therefore no case for review of the impugned order dated 20-03-2004 in regard to the PLF at 80%.

 

 

9)         Auxiliary consumption : 

The Petitioners submit  that the actual auxiliary consumption is in the range of 9-15% depending on the type of boiler and the fuel and that the petitioners had agreed for 9% on the assumption of single-part tariff where there is no cap on tariff and the developers could recover uniform cost for the entire generation.  With the introduction of two-part tariff, the fixation of 80% PLF for recovery of full fixed charges and payment of only variable charge and incentive above 80% PLF, the 9% auxiliary consumption is not adequate.  In reply to this, APTRANSCO has submitted that the auxiliary consumption of a plant is a function of its efficiency and the energy conservation methods and has nothing to do with the type of tariff. The Commission in its impugned order dated 20-03-2004 (paragraph 51) has stated as under:

i)                    “APTRANSCO stated that it considered auxiliary consumption at 9% of the gross generation based on DPRs.  They further stated that the auxiliary consumption in case of some of the projects is around 4-5% only.

ii)                  NEDCAP indicated auxiliary consumption at 10%.

iii)                The developers have stated that the auxiliary consumption of 9% as considered by APTRANSCO is low and actual consumption is in the range of 9-15%.

 

The developers during the hearing accepted for consideration of Auxiliary Consumption at 9%.

 

 

Compared to conventional power projects where 9% auxiliary consumption is allowed the non-conventional power projects have less auxiliary systems.   Further, the Commission is of the view that these plants should be properly audited and operated efficiently to minimize losses and maximize production as enunciated by the Energy Conservation Act.  Hence the Commission considers auxiliary consumption of 9% which is also as per the DPRs of some of the projects”.

 

The substance of the argument of the petitioners is that if single-part tariff is maintained, they will be able to recover higher amounts as the per unit tariff would be available to them in full for the entire generation which will be at levels higher than 80 % PLF.  Since the petitioners were getting higher returns, they did not object to lower auxiliary consumption then allowed at 9%.  However if the PLF is fixed at 80% for recovery of full fixed charges, the petitioners will get only variable charge and incentive beyond 80%. Merely because the petitioners were getting more fixed charges earlier in the     single-part tariff does not mean that the petitioners should be allowed higher auxiliary consumption with the two-part tariff adopted now. APTRANSCO is correct in its submission that the auxiliary consumption is an issue of efficient functioning of a plant and energy conservation methods adopted and is not related to either single-part or two-part tariff.

 

The Commission accordingly holds that no case is made out for any review of the impugned order dated 20.3.2004 in regard to Auxiliary Consumption.

 

 

 

 

 

10)      O & M  expenditure:

The petitioners have challenged the impugned Order passed by the Commission on the ground that the reference to the audited accounts of some projects mentioned in the order is vague as the names of such projects have not been disclosed. The petitioners submitted that the O&M expenses for biomass projects are more than 4% allowed by the Commission in the impugned Order. APTRANSCO has also filed a review petition asking for reduction in O&M expenses to 2.5% as per the norms laid down by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) for the thermal projects.   One of the objectors Sri. M. Venugopala Rao contended that if the projects are unable to manage O & M expenses within the allotted norm it is due to the inefficiency of the developers.

 

The Commission had examined the audited accounts of the projects of M/s. Veeraiah Non-conventional Power Projects and M/s. Gouthami           Bio-Energies Limited  where the O&M expenses worked out to be in the region of 4%. Considering the trend from the above projects,  the Commission was of the opinion that the O&M expenses suggested by APTRANSCO at 2.5% based on CEA norms for thermal plants may not be adequate for Biomass projects when the O&M expenses as per the data made available by the aforementioned two developers were around 4%.  The other Biomass projects should also achieve similar efficiency in restricting the O&M expenses. The Commission has therefore fixed a liberalized  norm for O&M expenses at 4%.  The Commission considered the views of NEDCAP, APTRANSCO and the developers and approved 4% of capital cost as O &M expenses. Hence the Commission does not find any reason to review this component either for increase as claimed by the Petitioners or for decrease as claimed by APTRANSCO.

 

11)      Fuel consumption:

The Petitioners claimed that the Commission had adopted the Expert Committee report numbers without collecting information from the existing projects.  The Petitioners have challenged the competence and capability of the expert committee to determine the fuel requirements for projects based on biomass on the ground that the committee was constituted only for the purpose of determining the availability of the Biomass and they had no expertise to decide on the fuel requirement of the power projects based on biomass.  APTRANSCO has countered this by stating that the specific fuel consumption of 1.10 kg/kwh is in line with the Administrative Staff College of India (hereinafter ASCI) report issued in February 2002. Further, as per APTRANSCO, this is also in line with the Detailed Project Reports of the projects available.  It is rather unfortunate that the Petitioners have chosen to raise objections to the report of the Expert Committee and in that connection use language which could have been avoided, to say the least.  The Expert Committee was constituted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh vide G.O.Ms.No.5 dated 20th January 1997 with the following objects:

1.      To assess the District wise availability of biomass.

2.      To assess the local requirement of biomass

3.      To assess the District wise net availability of biomass for power generation

4.      To assess the district wise potential for generation of power from biomass

5.      To recommend to the Government if there is a need to limit the installed capacity at the district level.

 

 

 

The members of the Committee consisted of the following persons

1.      Member (Generation) APSEB

2.      Joint Director, Industries department

3.      Joint director, Agriculture department

4.      Managing Director, M/s.HCL Agro Power Limited

5.      Joint Managing director, M/s.Alpha Energy Systems Ltd.

6.      Senior Consultant, M/s. APITCO Ltd.,

7.      Managing Director, NEDCAP Ltd.

 

The following persons were also co-opted

-                      Sri M.V.Shantharam, Associated Director of Research ANGR Agricultural University, Hyderabad.

-                      Dr.L.G.Giri Rao, Agronomist (Agro-Forestry) ANGRAU, Hyderabad

 

Thus the committee consisted of representatives from power, industry and agriculture departments, industrial units engaged in generation of power,     agro-economist and experts, consultant and in addition the Managing Director of NEDCAP, a body constituted specially for promotion of non-conventional energy development.  One of the main tasks of the Committee was to assess the district-wise potential for generation of power from biomass after considering the availability of biomass, the local requirement of biomass, etc. This would naturally include the estimated consumption of biomass for per unit electricity generation. The Committee assessed a total capacity of       448.5 MW of power generation being possible from the biomass based on the availability of biomass in the State.  It is therefore not correct on the part of the Petitioners to claim that the committee was not in a position to and did not determine the fuel requirement norm of biomass for power generation. The Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Government of India, had appointed ASCI (a premier institution based in Hyderabad) to estimate the surplus biomass availability in the State of Andhra Pradesh. The fuel consumption norm will not increase with the passage of time from 1997 to 2004 as alleged by the Petitioners. In fact, with the passage of time and improvements in the technology, the fuel consumption should reduce.  The Commission therefore, has not committed any error in referring to the above report and deciding on the fuel consumption norm. The impugned Order passed by the Commission is also consistent with the report of ASCI which was given in the year 2002. The Commission, while issuing its order had also considered the data provided by APTRANSCO, NEDCAP, developers, and the field study undertaken by the staff appointed by the Commission. It was  brought  to the notice of the Commission  during hearing on 08-06-2004, that while the Commission’s professional staff had observed that the average fuel consumption is above 1.2 kg/unit, the Commission  has estimated the fuel consumption at 1.16 kg / unit.  The Commission  has observed in paragraph 82 of its order dated 20-03-2004  that the study team also observed that the plants visited by them were not being operated efficiently and there is lot of scope to optimize operation and improve the efficiency.  Mostly for this reason the Commission  has observed at paragraph 56 of the same order as follows :

 

“The Commission  is of the opinion that non-conventional power projects should improve the operational efficiency notwithstanding the fact that they are a promoted category power projects”.

 

In view of the above and for the reasons already mentioned in the order, the fuel consumption of 1.16 kg/unit considered by the Commission  is reasonable.   Hence, the Commission, considers it not necessary to review this component.

 

12)             Cost of  fuel: 

The petitioners have suggested that the Commission should adopt fuel-mix of husk, woody bio-mass and coal in the ratio of 60:20:20. The petitioners have also contended that the cost of raw materials which is variable in nature is proposed to be frozen for five years by the Commission and requested that the fuel cost should instead be allowed under the pass-through mechanism. One of the objectors, Peoples Monitoring Group has contended that the fuel cost allowed by the Commission is on the higher side. APTRANSCO responded stating that it is not correct that the fuel cost has been frozen and that the Commission  has in fact provided annual fuel price escalation @ 5%. The Commission in its impugned order dated 20-03-2004 (paragraphs 54 & 55) has stated as under:

 

Paragraph 54: -         “Cost of fuel is the most important parameter that determines the cost of generation in a Biomass power plant.  While APTRANSCO and  M/s.NEDCAP have assumed Rs. 1000 / MT and Rs. 1100 / MT respectively as the cost of Biomass fuel, the developers projected a cost of Rs.1300/ MT. In view of the very conflicting projections by the different agencies, the Commission deputed its officers to some of the Projects, which have been in operation for the past 1 – 2 years to ascertain the factual position. 

 

The Developers during the hearing on 22.12.2003 submitted that due to increase in the number and capacity of the Biomass plants in the State, the cost of rice husk has gone up substantially.  Further they are meeting their fuel requirement to the extent of only around 60% by rice husk, meeting the balance through other material like woody Biomass, cotton stacks, chilly stacks etc.

 

The Commission asked the developers as to why they cannot use conventional fuels like coal to the extent permitted by MNES.  The developers submitted that the landed cost of coal is higher than the cost of Biomass fuel and hence they are using coal to the barest minimum possible.

 

The details of the price of rice husk given by the AP Rice Millers Association varied from Rs. 900 – Rs. 1400 depending on the season.  The price of other Biomass fuels as furnished by M/s. NEDCAP varied from Rs. 600 – 900 / MT.  The study team of APERC observed that the rice husk is utilised up to 50-60% and balance requirement is met from other fuels.  Considering the weighted average price of rice husk and other materials (60:40), the price of fuel works out to                         about Rs.1000 / MT.

 

The Commission has therefore adopted a price of Rs. 1000 / MT for the Biomass fuel”. 

 

 

Paragraph 55 :-While the developers pleaded for providing for an escalation of 6% per annum, APTRANSCO and NEDCAP assumed an annual escalation of 4% and 5% respectively.

 

The current rate of inflation is also around 4% per annum but as the fuel is procured from the unorgainised sector, the Commission considers the escalation of fuel price at the rate of 5%”.

 

The Commission has determined the fuel-mix after careful consideration of the submissions of the developers on consumption of coal and also the report of its own study team as explained in the order.  Similarly, the rationale behind decisions of the Commission on the price of fuel and the fuel cost escalation is also fully reasoned out in its impugned order dated    20-03-2004. Hence the Commission is of the view that there is no need to review this component.

 

13)      Working capital:

The petitioner requests for provision of two months’ stock of fuel and the rate of interest at 15%p.a.  APTRANSCO has replied that one month’s stock of fuel as considered by the Commission is reasonable and adequate.  Further, APTRANSCO has referred to the working capital interest rate of 10.25% fixed by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (hereinafter CERC) in its tariff regulations issued on 26-03-2004.

In the Regulations notified  on 26-03-2004, the CERC has stated as follows :

“Rate of interest on working capital shall be on normative basis and shall be equal to the short-term Prime Lending Rate of State Bank of India as on 01-04-2004 or on 1st April of the year in which the generating station or a unit thereof is declared under commercial operation, whichever is later.  Interest on working capital shall be payable on normative basis notwithstanding that the generating company has not taken working capital loan from any outside agency”.

 

It is pertinent to mention here that the Prime Lending Rate of State Bank of India as on 01-04-2004 was 10.25%.

This Commission in its impugned order dated 20-03-2004 (paragraph 60) has stated as under:

“The developer requested for interest on working capital at 15% per annum for two months’ stock.

 

APTRANSCO has replied that the loan repayment and interest cost in the tariff are recovered by the developers on monthly basis, while the payments  to the lenders are generally made on quarterly basis, which provides extra cushion to the developers.  Further, it is considering 12% as interest rate on working capital.

            The storage of fuel stock beyond one month is dependent on various factors like non-availability of stock on continuous basis, storage facilities, the actual practice followed by the developers and the price during season / off-season.  In the absence of all these details, the Commission considers only one month’s stock of fuel as constituting the working capital component. Regarding interest rate on working capital, the Commission considers 12% as reasonable rate of interest on working capital.”

 

The petitioners have not still provided any details of the various factors mentioned in the above impugned order. The inability of the project developers to obtain working capital at the level of interest rate provided by this Commission cannot be a ground for allowing higher rate of interest, especially when CERC allows a still lower rate of interest.

 

There is thus no case for review of the impugned order passed by the Commission  both on the quantum and the interest rate related to working capital.

 

14)      Depreciation:         

The petitioners request for depreciation @ 9.2% as the loan repayment period would be 7 years. APTRANSCO contended that the petitioners did not consider the moratorium period and the loans could also be rescheduled to align with the tariff to mitigate cash flow variations. The Commission in its order had considered the loan repayment period, the rates approved for Independent Power Producers and accordingly determined the depreciation rates.  It may be mentioned that the depreciation at 7.84% is itself an accelerated depreciation.  Considering that the term of Power Purchase Agreements is 20 years and the plant life is even longer, the depreciation based on the plant life will be less than 4.5%.  The depreciation in the power projects is now being approved by the CERC based on the plant life and for thermal projects with plant life of 30 years it is 3.6% as per the tariff regulations effective 01-04-2004.  Hence there are no grounds to review this component.

 

15)      Incentive:    

The Petitioners contended that the incentive of 21.5 paise / unit recommended by CERC is for conventional projects and not for Non Conventional Projects.  As compared to risk-free operations of conventional projects, the biomass projects are exposed to market fluctuations and other risks.  The incentive for generation beyond the threshold PLF ought to have been fixed at Re.1.00 / kWh. 

           

            APTRANSCO submitted that as per the directions of this Commission, these projects have to be treated as “must run” plants.  These generating stations therefore enjoy prime advantage of 100% dispatch.  While contending that the rate of incentive allowed by the Commission is high, it suggested two alternate methodologies for incentive payment for consideration by the Commission, according to which, the incentive works out to 10 paise/ kwh.

 

            The Commission in its impugned order dated 20.3.2004 (paragraph 63) has stated as under:

“The Commission has noticed that many of the Biomass projects are generating beyond the threshold level of 80% also. The Commission is inclined to encourage this efficiency. But at the same time, the consumers should not be burdened with the same tariff beyond threshold PLF. In order to encourage the developers and without unduly burdening the consumers, the Commission allows incentive similar to that of conventional generation projects. The incentive will be at the rate of 21.5 paise / unit of actual generation beyond the threshold PLF of 80% as the developers would recover the entire fixed cost at the threshold level of PLF itself.”

 

As rightly contended by APTRANSCO, so long as the NCE projects are “must run projects”, the petitioners will get the incentive in any event if there is generation beyond the specified level.  If there is no generation to the required level, the question of payment of incentive will not arise. There is therefore no relation to the quantum of incentive and any risk associated with the projects of non-conventional nature. The submissions made by the Petitioners are totally misconceived and have no merit.

 

Subsequent to the issue of impugned Order, however, CERC in its notification dated 26-03-2004 revised the incentive rate to 25 paise/ unit for ex-bus energy beyond the target PLF.  The Commission taking note of the above allows revision of incentive from 21.5 paise/ unit to 25 paise / unit on the same lines as CERC order.  This will however be effective from 01-04-2004.

 

16)      Income-tax: 

The Petitioners have submitted that where a two-part tariff is adopted the income-tax is considered a part of fixed cost.  However, the proposed tariff has no provision for income-tax as pass-through.

 

                        APTRANSCO submitted that as per the provisions of Income-tax Act, all the power projects enjoy a tax holiday of 10 years available over a period of first 15 years.  The projects can have necessary tax planning to minimise the tax incidence in the MAT (Minimum Alternate Tax) or otherwise. 

 

The Commission fixed 16% return on equity, not accepting APTRANSCO’s submissions for considering only 14% and 11% for existing and the new plants respectively due to the declining trend in the interest rates. 

 

The Commission has duly considered the implication of MAT obligation in determining the rate of return.  There are no grounds for changing the impugned order on this count.

 

17)      Return on equity (ROE):  

The Commission in its impugned order provided ROE at 16% even though APTRANSCO’s proposal indicated ROE at 14% for existing projects and 11% for new projects.  APTRANSCO and one of the objectors                 Sri. M. Venugopala Rao have requested the Commission to provide ROE at 14% instead of 16% allowed in the order.  Another objector M/s. Peoples Monitoring Group has contended that the ROE should be 12.5% in line with the ROE of another project viz., M/s.Krishna Godavari Power Utilities Ltd.  Responding to the above, the Developers Association contended that the returns should be at 23.83% on pre-tax basis, or post tax return of 16%.  The Petitioners further contended that the ROE at 16% / 14% / 12% may be considered where fuel cost is pass-through.

 

APTRANSCO submitted that the returns asked for by the Petitioners are not as per the provisions of income-tax holiday available for the projects.  It has also submitted that variable cost for generation has been provided, after considering all the parameters including fuel cost with necessary escalation.

 

The fuel procurement and associated risk if any are controllable by the Petitioners and need to be mitigated by them. As stated at para (58) of its impugned Order dated 20-03-2004, the Commission considers 16% ROE for existing as well as new projects to provide encouragement to the NCE projects.  The Commission has discussed the Return on equity @ 16% in detail in its impugned Order. The Petitioners have not been able to make out a case for reconsideration of the issues decided.

 

18)      Year of operation:

The Commission in its impugned Order directed that the existing and new projects shall be entitled to a tariff with the component of fixed charge based on the year of operation and variable charge corresponding to the financial year of the operation.  The Petitioners submitted that the year of operation should be reckoned from the commercial operation date of the projects instead of treating all the projects commissioned during a financial year alike.  The Commission hereby clarifies that the year of operation shall be reckoned from the date of commercial operation to arrive at the appropriate fixed charges for each year. The variable charge shall however be as indicated in the impugned order based on the corresponding financial year.

 

19)      General :

The APTRANSCO has raised a number of issues in the petition filed by it for the review of the impugned Order dated 20.3.2004 and has claimed downward revision of tariff on various aspects. The Objectors have also claimed downward revision of tariff on different aspects contending that the tariff allowed to the Petitioners is excessive. Some of the issues raised by APTRANSCO and the objectors have been mentioned above while dealing with the issues raised by the Petitioners.  The Commission is passing separate orders on the issues raised by APTRANSCO and other objectors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

20)      Conclusion:

The petitions filed by the Petitioners for review of the impugned order dated 20.3.2004 do not indicate any error apparent on the face of the record or non-consideration of any relevant material or document or otherwise  sufficient reason for review of the impugned Order dated 20.3.2004 passed by the Commission. As stated earlier, the Commission in the order dated         20-03-2004 provided for special treatment of the NCE projects in its endeavour to promote non-conventional energy development. However such development can not be open-ended in the sense that the tariff allowed  becomes very high.  In order for the Commission to direct APTRANSCO to purchase the power generated from such projects, it is necessary that the tariff is also affordable.  There is an optimum level beyond which the project developers cannot expect the Commission to allow  the tariff as the direct impact of higher tariff will be unduly burdening the consumers in general to pay higher tariff for the electricity.  The Commission has to strike a balance between the interest of promoting non-conventional energy and the interest of the consumers to have an economical tariff for the electricity.

 

Except for the clarification contained above relating to the year of operation and revision of the incentive beyond the threshold PLF, the Commission hereby rejects the petitions filed by the developers for review as not maintainable and without merit.  The petitions are therefore dismissed.

 

This order is signed by Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission on 5th July , 2004.

 

 

 

        Sd/-                                                 Sd/-                        

SURINDER PAL                     K. SREERAMA MURTHY              

                                                                                 (MEMBER)                           (ACTING CHAIRMAN)