ANDHRA PRADESH ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION

Hyderabad

 

Dated: 01-04-2006

 

Present

 

Sri K. Swaminathan, Chairman

Sri. K.Sreerama Murthy, Member

Sri Surinder Pal, Member

 

O. P. No. 9 of 2006

 

Between 

 

M/s Hyderabad Chemical Products Limited,

# A-24/25, APIE, Balanagar, Hyderabad.

rep. by its Managing Director.                                                            Petitioner

 

                                                                        and

 

Central Power Distribution Company of A.P. Ltd.,                        ...    Respondent

 

 

 

O. P. No. 10 of 2006

 

Between 

 

M/s Hyderabad Chemical Limited,

(formerly Hyderabad Chemical Supplies Limited)

Bank Street, Hyderabad.

rep. by its Managing Director.                                                         ...    Petitioner

 

                                                                        and

 

M/s. A.P. Central Power Distribution Co. LTD.,

3rd Floor, Singareni Bhavan, Red Hills, Hyderabad,

rep. by its Chairman & Managing Director                                    ...    Respondent

 

 

These petitions coming on for hearing on 25.02.2006 and 18.03.2006 in the presence of Sri C. Kodanda Ram, Advocate, for the petitioners in both the cases and Sri P. Shiva Rao, Advocate, for the respondent in both the cases and having stood over for consideration to this day, the Commission delivered the following common:

O R D E R

 

1.         The petitioner in O.P.No.9/2006, which set up a 0.75 MW wind-based power project at Kadavakallu in Anantpur district, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hyderabad Chemical Supplies Limited (for short, ‘HCSL’).  The said HCSL which also set up a 3.75 MW wind power project at the same location, subsequently changed its name to Hyderabad Chemical Limited, the petitioner in O.P.No.10
of 2005.

 

2.         Since both these petitions are filed based on the same set of facts, with similar prayer, they are clubbed and decided by this common order. In the said petitions, it is prayed:

 

(i)         to direct the respondent to purchase electricity from the petitioners as obligated u/s 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, 2003 and in terms of the orders passed by the Commission in O.P.No.9 of 2005 dated 27.09.2005 and R.P.No.84 of 2003 dated 20.03.2004; and

 

(ii)        to direct the respondent to pay the petitioners for the power pumped into the  grid from the petitioners’ generating stations with effect from 31.03.2005 and pass such other order or orders as this Commission deems fit and proper in the interest of justice.

 

3.         In both the petitions, it is further prayed that the Commission may also direct the respondent to pay the petitioners herein for the power pumped into grid from the generating stations of the petitioners @ Rs.2.70 per unit pending disposal of the petitions.  However, as the petitions are being disposed of finally, there is no necessity to pass interim order in either of the cases. 

 

4.         The following are the similar averments made in both the petitions:

 

(i)         Both the petitioners are involved in the business of manufacture of pesticides.  Encouraged by the Non-Conventional Energy (for short, ‘NCE’) policies of the Government of India (for short, ‘GoI’), the Government of Andhra Pradesh (for short, ‘GoAP’) and its nodal agencies and the tariff policy announced by the Commission, both the petitioners set up wind power projects of different capacities, at Kadavakallu village in Anantapur district for their respective captive consumption as well as for sale of power to APTRANSCO, after obtaining necessary sanctions from Non Conventional Energy Development of Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited (for short, ‘NEDCAP’).  

 

(ii)        Recognising the need to bridge the energy deficit with environment- friendly energy sources, GoAP announced a number of initiatives to develop NCE projects in the State. G.O.Ms.No.93 dated 18.11.1997, issued by it, allowed uniform incentives to all projects based on renewable sources of energy.  By G.O.Ms.No.112 dated 22.12.1998, the GoAP made certain amendments and encouraged by such various promotional incentives, the petitioners made substantial investments to establish their respective generating plants.

 

(iii)       The Commission examined the issue of continuance of incentives, initiated suo-motu proceedings in O.P.No.1075 of 2000 and passed an order on 20.06.2001. HCSL was arraigned as one of the parties to the above-said proceedings and was totally governed by the provisions of the said order on applicability of tariff for sale to respondent, with a bar on third party sales. As per the above order, a review of the provisions had to be undertaken by the Commission and in pursuance of the same, APTRANSCO submitted proposal before the Commission along with a proposal to buy power from the wind energy projects, etc. After conducting public hearings, order dated 20.3.2004 came to be passed by the Commission in the suo-motu Review Petition No. 84/2003 in O.P.No.1075/2000. The said order came to be accepted by APTRANSCO, as it did not file any review or appeal against the same.

 

(iii)       Placing complete reliance on the said order and in pursuance of the sanctions, permissions and approvals, the petitioners decided to set up wind power projects and made substantial investments for procurement of land, infrastructure development and all other project-related activities were undertaken.

 

(iv)       Before the evacuation scheme proposals of the petitioners were considered, the Indian Wind Power Association sought clarification on the Commission’s Tariff Order dated 20.03.2004 with respect to the projects to be commissioned during 01.04.2004 to 31.03.2009 and continuation of compulsory NCE procurement obligation. In response, the Commission through its letter dated 29.10.2004 stated that the tariff fixed by it in its order dated 20.03.2004 is applicable for sale of power to APTRANSCO/DISCOMs by all existing as well as new projects and that compulsory NCE procurement obligation of licensee would however, be also subject to the extent of percentage of electricity to be purchased from NCE sources to be fixed by the Commission u/s 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, 2003.

 

(v)        On 11.11.2004 and on 24.11.2004 letters were written by HCSL to APTRANSCO expressing intention to sell the power to be generated by the petitioners and requested APTRANSCO to enter into power purchase agreement(s) (in short, ‘PPA’).  Subsequently,  several letters were also written by HCSL, repeatedly requesting APTRANSCO to make evacuation arrangement and also to sign the PPAs.  In response, APTRANSCO wrote a letter dated 18.01.2005 stating that the projects may opt for third party sales.  On 20.01.2005,  HCSL again wrote APTRANSCO  stating that the petitioners are only interested in signing PPAs and do not want to avail of Open Access.  Thereafter, HCSL wrote several letters to APTRANSCO stating that the power to be generated by the petitioners be evacuated through a common feeder, stating further that they (the petitioners) agree to lay feeder at their own cost from the project sites for evacuating the total capacity and have them terminated through a bay at 132/33 KV at Komatikuntla sub-station.  That apart, the petitioners have been requesting APTRANSCO to enter into PPAs or Wheeling-cum-banking Agreement, so that power generated would either be sold to APTRANSCO or till such time it is signed the power is banked with APTRANSCO.  The petitioners were granted evacuation arrangement on 11.03.2005 and in pursuance of which the petitioners also paid supervision charges vide letter dated 16.03.2005.

 

(vi)       By letter 29.03.2005,  HCSL also requested APTRANSCO to energize the projects through the existing Bay at 133/33 kV Komatikuntla Sub-station,  for testing and commencing the projects. On 07.05.2005, NEDCAP also issued separate “Wind Farm Commissioning Certificate” to each of the petitioners.

 

(vii)      While advising the petitioners to enter into Open Access and expressing its inability to execute PPAs, APTRANSCO executed PPAs with several of NCE project developers, including NEDCAP for its 2.5 MW project at Narasimha Konda. Further, KCP Sugar and Industries Limited and RDF Power Projects have been allowed to execute PPAs with APTRANSCO on 15.12.2004 and 14.03.2005,  respectively

 

(viii)     Thereafter, HCSL wrote another letter dated 18.10.2005 to the respondent stating that in view of Third Transfer Scheme, projects of the petitioners fall within the jurisdiction of the respondent and requesting the respondent to enter into PPAs and also to make payments for the power so far supplied by the petitioners. For the reasons best known to APTRANSCO, it had consistently followed hostile discrimination against the petitioners in particular and Wind Energy developers in general.

 

(ix)       By the order dated 27.09.2005 in O.P.No. 9 of 2005, the Commission specified that every person to whom the order applies, shall purchase not less than 5% of its consumption of energy from NCE sources and one half of 1% of the quantum specified above, shall be kept reserved by the distribution licensees for procurement of wind based energy and shall be diverted, if necessary, to other NCE sources only on temporary basis. By virtue of Third Transfer Scheme notified by GoAP, vide G.O.Ms No. 58, Energy (Power-III) dated 07.06.2005, the rights, obligations, agreements and contracts relating to procurement and bulk supply of electricity or trading of electricity are now vested with Distribution Companies and the petitioners’ projects fell under the jurisdiction of the respondent herein.

 

(x)        The petitioners invested substantial sums of money in setting up of wind energy projects after borrowing it from the banks and financial institutions and have made infrastructure additions in one of the most underdeveloped parts of the State.  The petitioners are under obligation to service the loans, but their projects are not generating any cash flows. If these projects which are already commissioned and completed in all respects are rendered futile, a great injustice will be caused and that petitioners will be put to irreparable loss. Hence, these petitions.

 

5.         The respondent filed separate counter affidavits in both the petitions.  The identical replies submitted by the respondent are as under:

 

(i).        The petitions are not maintainable as they do not indicate provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, under which they are filed.  The petitions purported to be filed u/s 30 of the Andhra Pradesh Electricity Reform Act, 1998 (in short, ‘APER Act’) are not maintainable as the said Act as far as it is inconsistent with the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, is repealed and therefore, it is doubtful whether recourse to section 30 of the APER Act is available to the petitioners.

 

(ii).       The petitioners entered into wheeling agreements with APTRANSCO, the predecessor-in-interest of the respondent, in respect of their respective wind power projects for captive wheeling of energy and energy from the said projects was not for purchase by licensees. The circumstances that prompted the petitioners to establish the power projects are not relevant and the respondent is not concerned with the investments made by them.

 

(iii).      It is false to say that APTRANSCO accepted the orders dated 20.03.2004 passed by the Commission in R.P.No.84 of 2003.  APTRANSCO filed R.P.No.1 of 2004 against the said order and after disposal of the same, preferred appeals before Appellate Tribunal for Electricity at New Delhi.  Thus order dated 20.03.2004 did not attain finality and therefore, the contention that APTRANSCO accepted this order dated 20.03.2004 is false. 

 

(iv).      As seen from paragraph 20(A) of the order dated 20.03.2004, the Commission in the said order was dealing with those NCE developers who had accepted the order dated 20.06.2001 and voluntarily agreed to sell electricity to APTRANSCO on the terms and conditions contained in the order dated 20.06.2001. The other NCE developers may also sell electricity to APTRANSCO, if they choose to accept the terms and conditions as may be laid down by the Commission. Further, in paragraph 20(C) of the said order, it is mentioned that the Commission is now undertaking review of the prices of those NCE developers who are currently selling electricity to APTRANSCO, as per the terms of sale prescribed in the order dated 20.06.2001. Thus it is clear that orders passed by the Commission either on 20.03.2004 or on 20.06.2001 are concerned with the parties who were selling energy at that time to APTRANSCO. For the said reason, the petitioners herein cannot claim any advantage or benefit from the said two orders. Neither of the petitioners in respect of their new projects, was a party to the aforesaid two orders.  It is also false to state that the Commission through its orders made any proclamation by inviting prospective developers to invest in wind energy projects and to that extent the order of the Commission is either mis-conceived or mis-quoted.

 

(v).       APTRANSCO never gave either express or tacit consent to either of the petitioners to make investments or for purchase of power from them.  Providing evacuation facility or providing energy for testing of the project or giving consent for laying transmission facility or interconnection facility, per se, should not be construed by any stretch of imagination that APTRANSCO ever gave its tacit consent to purchase power from the petitioners.  On the other hand, APTRANSCO through   its letter dated 18.01.2005 made it clear that the petitioners may opt for third party sales as is permitted under the Electricity Act, 2003, subject to the regulations  made by the Commission from time to time.

 

(vi).      The respondent is not concerned with the clarification sought by the Indian Wind Power Association and the clarification given. Therefore, it needs no reply.  However, suffice to say that subsequent to the said clarification dated 29.10.2004, APTRANSCO through its letter dated 18.01.2005 responded by stating that the petitioners may opt for third party sales as per the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003, after taking into consideration the fact that power is available in the market at much lesser price than the Rs.3.37 ps per unit. APTRANSCO being a public undertaking cannot ignore the object of the Electricity Act, 2003, and burden the end-consumers by procuring energy at higher price than the market price.  Permitting the petitioners to lay feeders at their cost from their respective project sites up to 132/33 kV at Komatikuntla
sub-station is irrelevant and has no material bearing on the matter in issue.  The respondent or its predecessor is not obligated upon to enter into PPA with unjustified terms and conditions at the cost of end-consumers. 

 

(vii).     The letter of APTRANSCO dated 15.04.2005 denotes that power is extended temporarily for testing and it does not mean that APTRANSCO agreed for commissioning of the projects of the petitioners.  The respondent is not concerned whether NEDCAP has issued commissioning certificates to the projects of the petitioners.  It is not true to say that APTRANSCO has been consistently following hostile discrimination against the petitioners in particular and wind energy sources in general.  The petitioners are trying to create unwarranted prejudice against the respondent.  As some other wind energy developers came forward to supply energy at reasonable prices, the respondent entered into agreements with four of such developers to purchase power at Rs.2.70  per unit. The fact of entering into such agreements was also intimated to the petitioners and the petitioners required to follow the same.

 

(viii).    The respondent is aware that it is bound by the orders of the Commission dated 27.09.2005 in O.P.No.9 of 2005 but the said order does not command the respondent to oblige the demand of the petitioners herein, dehorns the fact that other wind energy developers, who established their projects during the period when the petitioners herein established their projects, entered into agreements to sell energy at Rs.2.70 per unit and further agreed to comply with the directions to be issued by the Commission reducing ceiling limit price of wind energy.  Paragraph 21 of the order dated 27.09.2005 clearly shows that the Commission fixed ceiling for the tariff and not the tariff in respect of prospective wind energy developers. Therefore, within the said ceiling limit, the respondent made negotiations with the wind power developers and entered into PPAs.  The petitioners were also requested to enter into PPAs on the said terms, but the petitioners for the reasons best known to them, want a higher price than that of the similarly placed developers. The respondent being a public undertaking cannot give different prices to similarly placed developers. Moreover, in paragraph 78 of its order dated 20.03.2004,  the Commission took note of the MNES publication on wind power which states that “present wind turbines are highly sophisticated machines incorporating advanced technologies and are designed to derive energy across range of wind speeds.  The cost of generation has reduced dramatically as manufacturing and other costs have come down.”

 

(ix).      The letter dated 31.03.2005 written by HCSL clearly stated that energy that is going to be pumped into the grid would not be claimed whenever the plants are under operation, without finalizing the PPAs or banking arrangements. As PPAs have not been entered into till date, the petitioners are estopped from claiming charges for energy pumped.  The respondent or its predecessor never requested either of the petitioners to pump energy into the grid and therefore, it is not liable to pay any amount to either of the petitioners.  For the said reason, the question of granting any interim orders also does not arise.

 

(x).       The object of the Electricity Act is to promote competition in the electricity sector and to protect the interest of the consumers.  Therefore, the relief sought by the petitioners herein is tantamount to compelling/thrusting on the respondent to purchase electricity, only to get undue benefit, even if it is un-economical, which is not permitted under law.  For all these reasons, the petitions are devoid of merits and may be dismissed.

6.         On the date of hearing i.e. on 25.02.2006, the counsel for the petitioners in the both the cases reiterated the identical averments made in both the petitions and stated that:

 

(i)         The petitioners are seeking implementation of the order passed by the Commission in O.P. No.1075 of 2000 and R.P. No.84 of 2003, read with that in O.P. No. 9 of 2005.

 

(ii)        The petitioners established wind farms in view of the guidelines issued by Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (for short, ‘MNES’) which were also approved by the Commission. In its order dated 21.06.2001 in O.P. No. 1075 of 2000, the Commission made it clear that the said order would be applicable to all energy developers. During the hearing in R.P. No. 84 of 2003, it was urged that the Commission is required to specify the percentage of electricity to be purchased from NCE sources, and unless, the purchase quantum is decided, the price should not be fixed. However, the Commission went ahead and issued order on 20.03.2004 stating that the total quantum to be purchased from NCE sources is being determined by the Commission and shall form part of the tariff order which the Commission will issue for the year         2004-05. It was further stated that it would not be possible for the Commission to fix quantity of electricity to be purchased from each developer of NCE sources. Similarly, the Commission also observed that tariff determination for each of the projects would be a difficult task and instead fixed tariff for a class or category of consumers. It was also made clear that this order will be applicable to all NCE energy developers.

 

(iii)       The respondent is negotiating with some developers and purchasing energy at Rs.2.70 per unit. Those developers who do not want to sell power at that rate, are being left out. Thus wind energy developers are being forced to reduce rates. There is a statutory obligation on the respondent to purchase energy from the petitioners and it should endeavour to encourage NCE developers. As per National Electricity Policy and Plan, the respondent shall not only take into consideration the interest of consumers, but also those of every stakeholder, including NCE developers.

 

(iv)       A combined reading of Preamble, Section 4, Section 61(h) and Section 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, 2003 and various provisions of National Electricity Policy and Tariff Policy published on 12.02.2005 and on 6.1.2006 respectively, as required u/s 3 of the said Act, shows that there is a legislative mandate creating bias in favour of NCE developers while fixing tariff and every effort should be made to encourage NCE projects.  Similarly, the absence of requirement to take licence for generation of electricity is meant to encourage generation.  U/s 86(1)(e), a positive mandate has been given, making licensees to purchase a part of requirement from NCE sources.  The Commission while specifying the terms and conditions for determination of tariff u/s 61 of the Electricity Act shall also be guided by the promotion of co-generation and generation of electricity from renewable sources of energy. 

 

(v)        In compliance with the above-mentioned legislative mandate, the Commission in its order dated 27.09.2005 in O.P.No.9 of 2005 directed that not less than 5% of energy be purchased from NCE sources. Thus, the respondent shall be required to purchase 5% of its energy requirement from NCE sources and the order of the Commission did not leave any choice other than purchasing the said percentage of energy from NCE sources.  Further, one-half of one  percent of total consumption shall always be kept reserved by distribution licensees, including the respondent herein, for procurement of wind-based energy.  The said order of the Commission applies to future projects also.  The contention of the respondent that it is permissible to negotiate price with individual developers is not correct, in view of the fact that the Commission negated the request to fix tariff for individual developers as mentioned supra and fixed tariff for a class or category of consumers. 

 

(vi)       At paragraph 80 of the order dated 20.03.2004 in R.P.No.84 of 2003, the Commission after considering the uncertainties being faced by wind electricity generation plants retained the base unit price of Rs.2.25 as on 01.04.1994 and further held that after escalation the same would be Rs.3.37 / kwh as on 01.04.2004 and froze the tariff for a period of 5 years.  Thus, the price fixed by the Commission does not leave any scope for negotiation and any negotiation supposed to be undertaken by the respondent amounts to arm-twisting.  At more than one place, the Commission stated that the tariff fixed by it is not only for existing developers who entered into PPA with licensees, but also future projects.

 

(vii)      Considering the above, it is prayed that suitable orders be passed directing the respondent to purchase electricity from the petitioners and the respondent also directed to pay the petitioners for the power pumped into the grid from the petitioners’ generating stations with effect from 31.03.2005.

 

7.         In response, the counsel for the respondent in both the petitions, reiterated identical replies mentioned in the counters filed on behalf of the respondent and stated further that

 

(i)         The petitions filed are in the nature of enforcement petitions and the burden lies on the petitioners to clarify which order of the Commission has to be enforced.  The present petitions are akin to execution petitions.  While dealing with execution petitions, courts are not required to go into various provisions of law as are being urged at length by the petitioners.  That itself shows the petitioners are not sure which order of the Commission they are urging it to enforce.  It is common knowledge that civil courts pass decrees in addition to judgments,  and execution petitions will be filed based on the decrees passed by such courts.  While executing decrees, courts are not required to go into the details mentioned in the judgments. In the absence of any specific direction in favour of any individual NCE developer in general, and that of the petitioners herein in particular, in any of the orders passed by the Commission referred to by the petitioners, the petitioners cannot be permitted to urge for enforcement of such order or orders. Doing so would be based on surmises and would not be permitted under law, apart from the contention of the respondent that the petitions filed u/s 30 of the APER Act are not maintainable under law.

 

(ii)        Under law, the only recourse available to the petitioners is to file complaints u/s 142 of the Electricity Act, 2003,  for contravention of any direction supposed to have been given by the Commission. In view of Section 142 of the Electricity Act, 2003, Section 30 of the APER Act becomes redundant and petition under the latter provision of law is not maintainable. As per Section 142 of the Electricity Act, 2003, the Commission is only empowered to punish for non-compliance of its directions by imposition of monetary penalty, but it is not empowered to grant the relief(s) as sought by the petitioners herein. Moreover, the petitioners have failed to show which direction of the Commission is contravened by the respondent herein As seen from the record, nowhere is it mentioned that the respondent would not purchase electricity from either of the petitioners.  Therefore, the further question of violating any order or direction of the Commission by the respondent would not arise. Even on this count also, the petitions are not maintainable and are liable to be dismissed.

 

(iii)       Even the order dated 27.09.2005 passed by the Commission, states that the purchases from relevant category of NCE developers up to and including the level of percentage specified therein and the ceiling for tariff of such purchases shall be as per order dated 20.03.2004. Therefore, there is no gainsay in stating that the respondent is mandated to purchase electricity at a fixed rate by the Commission. 

 

(iv)       In the order dated 20.03.2004, nowhere is it mentioned that it applies to all developers and on the other hand, at more than one place in the said order, it is stated that the order applies only to those developers who were then selling power to APTRANSCO. For example,  at paragraph 20(C) of the order,  it is mentioned that the Commission is now undertaking review of the price of those NCE developers who are currently selling electricity to APTRANSCO as per the terms of sale prescribed in the order of the Commission in O.P.No. 1075 of 2000.

(v)        HCSL informed the Superintending Engineer (TL&SS), APTRANSCO,  by letter dated 31.03.2005 stating that energy that is going to be pumped into grid of APTRANSCO at 132/33 kV Komatikuntla Sub-station will not be claimed, whenever the plant (4.5 MW) is in operation without finalizing PPA or banking arrangement or wheeling-cum-banking arrangement with APTRANSCO and therefore the petitioners are now estopped from claiming any amount. For all these reasons, it is submitted that both the petitions may be dismissed.

 

8.         On 02.03.2006,  the petitioners filed separate, but identical reply affidavits stating that the legal preposition that APER Act is repealed is contrary to the express provisions contained in Section 185(3) of the Electricity Act, 2003.  The counsel for respondent did not mention which provision of the Electricity Act, 2003, is inconsistent with APER Act  or vice-versa.  In such circumstances, both the Acts would govern as held by the Hon’ble Supreme Court. The policies notified under various G.O.s were given statutory status empowering the Commission to specify a mandatory purchase of electricity from NCE sources.

 

(ii)        By its order dated 27.09.2005, the Commission specified 0.5% to be purchased by the licensee and the price at which the same has to be purchased is fixed in exercise of the Commission’s power u/s 62 of the Electricity act, 2003.  The contention that the respondent had not accepted orders of the Commission dated 20.03.2004 is incorrect as there is no appeal filed so far as the purchase price relating to wind energy is concerned.  Appeal Nos.46, 48 and 49 do not relate to wind energy, but relate only to Biomass, Bagasse, Waste-based energy and Hydel energy developers.

 

(iii)       After being informed that the petitioners may opt for third party sale as permitted under the Electricity Act, 2003, HCSL sent letter dated 20.01.2005 appraising APTRANSCO that various technical and commercial parameters (Open Access regulations) relating to third party sale were not yet finalized by the Commission and in view of the same, once again requested the respondent to enter into PPA.  The respondent did not bother to respond to this representation/request made on behalf of the petitioners, till date.

 

(iv)       The contention that power supply was extended temporarily only for testing and not for commissioning of the project is contrary to the contents mentioned in the letter written by APTRANSCO dated 15.04.2005.

 

(v)        The petitioners planned commissioning of their projects within the financial year 2004-05 and paid the advance taxes to the Government.  However, till 30.03.2005 power was not extended for commissioning of the projects and on the last day of the financial year i.e., 31.03.2005, the petitioners gave handwritten letter as against normal practice of typewritten one, under duress and coercion at the behest of the Divisional Engineer of the respondent at the site,  just before releasing power for testing and commissioning of the project.  The petitioners gave this letter in good faith and in expectation that soon after commissioning of the project, PPAs would be signed in terms of order dated 20.03.2004 as was done in the case of KCP Sugars Limited and RDF Power Projects.   Copies of the letter dated 29.10.2004, article published in print media, National Electricity Policy and Tariff Policy have been filed in addition to the documents filed along with the petitions.

 

9.         On 10.03.2006, the respondent filed separate interlocutory applications in these cases, under clause 55 of APERC(Conduct of Business) Regulations, 1999,  stating that the petitioners without serving copies on it had filed reply affidavits together with some documents after the conclusion of arguments.  As the petitioners filed reply affidavits, the respondent stated that it also intended to file additional written arguments, and requested to reopen the cases and receive the additional written arguments.  Both the applications were allowed, and the cases posted to 18.03.2006 for further arguments.  The common written arguments filed on behalf of the respondent are as follows:

 

(i)         On the aspect of minimum percentage of quantum of wind energy to be purchased by the DISCOMs, it is submitted that order passed by the Commission in O.P.No.9 of 2005 has no binding effect.  As per the section 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, 2003, the Commission has to specify percentage by way of Regulation, but not by an order.  Till a Regulation is passed, the order in O.P.No.9 of 2005 has no legal status and cannot be enforced under law.

 

(ii)        Further the said order is passed in September, 2005, by giving effect from 01.04.2005.  Since the said order is passed in the middle of the year, the assessment of percentage of quantum of wind energy cannot be made for the entire year in pursuance of the said order.  Thus the minimum percentage of wind energy to be purchased by the DISCOMs does not bind the respondent.

 

(iii)       In the order dated 20.03.2004, the Commission made it clear that the said order deals with only those developers who were supplying energy to APTRANSCO.  Therefore, the petitioners cannot claim that it applies to prospective developers of wind energy also.

 

(iv)       In the order passed by the Commission in O.P.No.9 of 2005, the Commission made it very clear that tariff of Rs.3.37 per unit as decided in R.P.No.84 of 2003, is only a ceiling limit, but not the fixed tariff at which the licensees has to purchase.  When the order uses the word ‘ceiling limit’, to claim that the earlier order of the Commission dated 20.03.2004 has to be construed as if the Commission had fixed the tariff at which the respondent has to purchase power from future wind energy developers is not permitted under law.

 

(v)        To enforce an order of the Commission, there must be an earlier order/direction/agreement concerning the issue between the parties, then only can such order be enforced.  In the instant case, there is no such order/direction/agreement.  Moreover as the order specifying percentage is unenforceable as mentioned above, the question of enforcement will not arise.  The petitioners have to get their tariffs fixed as contemplated under the Electricity Act, 2003.

 

(vi)       The clarification issued by the Commission dated 29.10.2004 without hearing the parties as required under law has no legal status.  Moreover, long after the alleged clarification, Commission held in O.P.No.9/2005 that the tariff price decided in R.P.No.84 of 2003 is only a ceiling limit.  In view of the later order which was passed after hearing the parties concerned, the earlier clarification has no legal sanctity or force of law.  For all these reasons, it is prayed that both the petitions may be dismissed.

 

10.       Heard counsel for both the parties.

 

11.       The issues that arise for consideration are:

Issue (i)         Whether the respondent can be directed that it is obligated u/s 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, 2003,  and in terms of the orders passed by the Commission in O.P.No.9  of 2005 dated 27.09.2005 and R.P.No.84 of 2003 dated 20.03.2004 to purchase electricity from the petitioners at the purchase price fixed therein; and

 

Issue (ii).       Whether the respondent can be directed to pay for the power pumped into grid from the petitioners’ generating stations with effect from 31.03.2005.

 

12.       Before adverting to the various rival contentions, it is necessary to dwell briefly on the history leading to review by the Commission of incentives including price for the purchase of power from NCE projects in its order dated 20.03.2004 and the events following. The APER Act came into force on 01.02.1999 and in pursuance of the said Act, the Commission was constituted on 03.04.1999.   After the Commission came into existence, it noticed that the uniform incentives (comprising pre-determined power purchase price and annual escalation thereon, concessional wheeling charges, banking of power, third party sales, etc. as per GoAP G.O.Ms.No.93 dated:18.11.1997) to non-conventional energy developers earlier granted by GoAP were available up to 17.11.2000 and were due for a review.  Since GoAP was no longer vested with the power to undertake this review after the coming into force of the APER Act, the said function came to be vested with the Commission.

 

13.       After hearing of the parties concerned, the Commission passed an order dated 06.03.2000 which was set aside by the Hon’ble High Court mainly on the ground that the developers were not put on notice with regard to the departure from the principles laid down in GoAP G.O.Ms. dated:17.11.1997 nor about the proposal for sale only to APTRANSCO.  Therefore, the Commission undertook fresh proceedings, issued notices to all concerned, and after conducting a hearing issued orders on 20.06.2001 in O.P.No.1075/2000 stating that sale of power generated by NCE developers to third parties will not be in public interest.  Developers of NCE projects shall supply power to APTRANSCO and  the incentives, including the  price at which electricity was purchased by APTRANSCO were also determined specifying simultaneously that a suo-motu review to take effect from 1st April, 2004 would be undertaken by the Commission.  The directions in the order dated 20.06.2001 for the sale of electricity from NCE sources only to APTRANSCO and prohibiting third party sale were challenged by some NCE developers in the Hon’ble High Court of Andhra Pradesh which suspended the enforcement of the Commission’s order, in their case, as prayed for by them.  However, some other developers entered into PPAs with APTRANSCO accepting the terms and conditions set out in the order dated 20.06.2001.  As the said order was due for review after 31.03.2004, the Commission undertook further proceedings to determine incentives including the purchase price, applicable to NCE projects to take effect from 01.04.2004 onwards.  In the meantime, the Electricity Act, 2003 had come into force w.e.f. 10.06.2003.  After hearing representatives of APTRANSCO, IREDA, NEDCAP,  developers of NCE projects and other stakeholders, including on certain provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003,  the Commission determined inter-alia the purchase price applicable to various categories of NCE projects in its order dated 20-03-2004 in R.P.No.84 of 2003.  It is relevant to note here that after coming into force of the Electricity Act, 2003, restrictions on sale of power to third parties sought to be imposed in the Commission’s Order dated 20.06.2001, are no longer valid under law and developers of electrical energy, including those of NCE are free to sell power to persons of their choice.  The Commission too specifically clarified in paragraph 20(A) of its order dated 20.03.2004, that it is not giving any direction that NCE developers shall not sell electricity to third parties or that they shall sell electricity to only to APTRANSCO.   That apart, the Electricity Act, 2003, brought some fundamental changes in the electricity sector like Open Access in transmission, trading as a distinct activity, etc.

 

14.       Several review petitions were filed before the Commission against its order dated 20.03.2004 by various categories of NCE developers either individually or collectively,  by and large for upward revision of tariffs,  and by APTRANSCO in essence for downward revision of the tariffs determined in that order.   The Commission disposed of all the review petitions in July – August, 2004 either individually or by common orders with certain clarifications/modifications of some of the incentives.  Aggrieved by the said orders, several developers either individually or collectively filed writ petitions before the High Court of A.P. as by that time the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (hereinafter, the Appellate Tribunal) as envisaged under the Electricity Act, 2003,  was not constituted. The High Court was pleased to admit the petitions and issued certain interim directions.  Soon after constitution of the Appellate Tribunal,  however, all the writ petitions were disposed of by the Hon’ble High Court with liberty to the petitioners therein to prefer appeals with the Appellate Tribunal, which was pleased to continue the interim orders as passed by the High Court earlier.  In view of Third Transfer Scheme notified by GoAP in June, 2005, all the four distribution licensees, including the respondent herein, individually but jointly with APTRANSCO, also filed appeals with the Appellate Tribunal with a prayer to direct the Commission to refix the tariffs for NCE projects applicable from 01.04.2004. After conclusion of arguments in the batch of appeals, the Appellate Tribunal has reserved them for orders.

 

15.       In discharge of its functions, the Commission issued Regulation No.2 of 2005 prescribing terms and conditions of Open Access for Intra-State Transmission and Distribution networks and notified the same in the Gazette of Andhra Pradesh on 01.07.2005, after first notifying the draft Regulation on 04.08.2004. Similarly, the Commission sought for views of the licensees (APTRANSCO, and the four distribution licensees) and the NEDCAP, the nodal agency of GoAP for promotion of NCE vide letters dated 06.11.2004 and 25.02.2005, published a discussion paper seeking comments/suggestions from public through a public notice on 28.05.2005 and conducted a public hearing on 30.06.2005 and finally issued the order dated 27.09.2005 in O.P.No.9 of 2005, specifying a percentage of the total consumption of the electricity in the areas of a distribution licensee for purchase of electricity from NCE sources.

 

16.       The proceedings / orders / regulations mentioned above were taken up / issued by the Commission in discharge of its functions dealing with regulation of purchase, distribution, supply and utilization of the electricity and such regulatory power is held to be plenary over the entire subject matter. As can be seen, the said proceedings / orders / regulations are not adversarial in nature with regard to any matter in controversy between rival parties.

 

17.       In the light of above backdrop, the rival contentions are examined as follows:-

 

Point (1):

18.       The petitioners have taken quite some pains to drive home the point that relying upon the various promotional and fiscal incentives initiated and provided by the GoI and the GoAP, order dated 20.03.2004 of this Commission and the sanctions, permissions and approvals granted by agencies concerned, substantial investments were made by them for generation of wind energy. Also that unless the respondent is directed to purchase electricity from the petitioners, great injustice would be caused and the petitioners would suffer irreparable loss, implying that the respondent is bound to purchase electricity from the petitioners. There is no denying the fact that the Governments have been trying to encourage generation of electricity from NCE sources by granting various incentives.  The contention of the petitioners, however, that the sanctions, permissions and approvals granted by various agencies lead to the irresistible conclusion that the respondent is bound to enter into PPA for purchase of power from the petitioners, is fallacious on the face of it. The Commission notices for example that paragraph 9 of each of the NEDCAP’s proceedings, dated 15.07.2004 and 05.02.2005, as filed, sanctioning the establishment of projects with capacities of 3 MW and 0.75 MW respectively in the case of the petitioner in O.P.No.10, and dated 05.02.2005 in the case of the petitioner in O.P.No.9 make it amply clear that “no guarantee is being extended either on the power purchase price or APTRANSCO entering into PPA as these are dependent upon the power supply position in the state at a given point of time and requirement of power by APTRANSCO”, the predecessor-in-interest of the respondent herein. The petitioners were also cautioned that the “developer will be proceeding at his own risk with regard to either regulatory clearances for supply license or power purchase agreement with APTRANSCO.”  The contention is therefore devoid of merit and is not accepted.

 

Point (2):

19.       The next contention of the petitioner is that they were arraigned as one of the parties to the proceedings in O.P.No. 1075 of 2000 and were totally governed by the provisions of that order on applicability of the tariff for sale to respondent (utilities) and barring third party sales. As mentioned earlier, soon after it came into existence, the Commission initiated the process for review of incentives to NCE developers and issued notice to all NCE developers who had either established projects or were in the process of establishing the projects to hear their views on incentives in general and third party sales in particular. In all, notices were sent to about 140 developers, including HCSL, by which name the petitioner in O.P.No.10 herein was then known, besides APEDA, APTRANSCO and NEDCAP. About 58 developers appeared before the Commission either personally or through their representatives or Associations and presented their views. The Commission had initiated these proceedings as per the law in vogue then, in exercise of its plenary power, conducted the proceedings in a transparent manner by giving notice to all the stakeholders and issued orders on 20.06.2001. Thus simply because HCSL was invited (and not arraigned) to present their views if they so desired, it cannot be said  that the petitioners are totally governed by the provisions of the order in O.P.No.1075/2000.   As mentioned earlier, some of the developers challenged the said order which specified inter-alia that the power generated by NCE developers is not permitted to be sold to third parties and obtained stay orders; some other developers on the other hand, have entered into PPAs with APTRANSCO voluntarily, accepting the terms and conditions set out in the order dated 20.06.2001. Thus rights and obligations are not created by the said order. Instead, such rights and/or obligations have come to be created only upon entering into agreements with the APTRANSCO/DISCOMs in pursuance of terms and conditions mentioned in the said order, and upon receipt of consent of the Commission to such agreements, under Section 21(4)(b) of the APER Act.

 

20.       So is the case with the order dated 20.03.2004 which is an extension of the order dated 20.06.2001. It is only when a developer and the licensee enter into an agreement and obtain the consent of the Commission as required under law, that they are vested with enforceable rights and / or obligations against each other and only thereafter, the Commission can be called upon to enforce the right(s) of one party against the non-obliging party. Thus there is no gain in contending that the petitioners had decided to set up the projects by placing reliance on the order dated 20.03.2004, and therefore, the Commission is required to direct the respondent-distribution licensee to purchase electricity generated by the petitioners or that being arraigned as one of the parties to a proceedings of the nature mentioned above before the Commission, automatically results in accrual of rights in favour of the petitioners.  The contention put forth is therefore not tenable.

 

Point (3):

21.       The next contention of the petitioners is that in response to a letter from M/s Indian Wind Power Association, the Commission in its reply dated 29.10.2004 clarified that the tariff fixed in the order dated 20-03-2004 is applicable for sale of power to APTRANSCO / DISCOMs by all existing as well as new projects. On the other hand, the counsel for the respondent strongly contended that the said order applies to only those NCE developers who had accepted the order dated 20.06.2001 and voluntarily agreed to sell electricity to APTRANSCO on the terms and conditions contained in the said order. Irrespective of the rival contentions, the fact remains that neither of the orders dated 20.06.2001 nor the order dated 20.03.2004 created any rights and/or obligations in favour of any party as discussed supra.   The orders merely lay down certain regulatory guidelines or terms and conditions for entering into contracts for sale of electricity by one party and purchase by the other. Thus the clarification does not help the cause of the petitioners.

 

Point (4):

22.       The other contention of the petitioners is that the respondent is obligated u/s 86(1)(e) of the Electricity Act, 2003 and in terms of the orders passed by the Commission in O.P.No. 9 of 2005 to purchase electricity from the petitioners. In this connection,  it is necessary to refer to paragraphs 9, 10 and 11   of the Order dated 27.9.2005 in O.P.No.9 of  2005 which are reproduced below for ready reference :-

“9.        The Commission after careful consideration of all these responses, comments and suggestions specifies the percentage required to be specified by it under section 86(1) (e) of the Act (hereinafter referred to as the “Renewable Power Purchase Obligation” or “RPPO”) and the terms and  procedure for its computation and procurement and the matters incidental and ancillary thereto as detailed in the paragraphs that follow.

 

10.       Every person to whom this order  applies, shall purchase not less than five percent (5%) of his consumption of energy from NCE sources under RPPO during each of the years 2005-06 to 2007-08 (each year commencing on 1st April of the calender year and ending on 31st March of the subsequent calender year).

 

11.       One-half of one percentage point out  of the RPPO specified hereinabove (one half of one percent of total consumption) shall always be kept reserved by the distribution  licensees for procurement of Wind-based energy and shall be diverted, if necessary, to other NCE, only on a temporary basis and also that all energy  available from  this source shall be purchased until it reaches the aforementioned one-half of one percentage point even if consequently, the total NCE purchase exceeds the total RPPO considering the NCE power purchase commitments made under the power purchase agreements (hereinafter, “the PPAs”) already entered into and consented by the Commission.”

 

            The persons to whom this order applies are described in paragraph 16 of the said order, as extracted below:-

 

“16.      Every Distribution Licensee, captive power consumer, open access consumer and scheduled consumer (to the extent of power availed through open access) shall be required to purchase electricity at the percentage specified hereinabove of his total consumption of electricity within the area of a distribution licensee from non-conventional energy sources.”

 

            From the above, there is no doubt that the respondent, being a distribution licensee,  is obligated to procure  wind based energy to the extent of  one-half of  one percent  of its total consumsption.

 

Point (5):

23.       The next contention of the petitioners is that the respondent should not be permitted to negotiate with prospective developers of wind energy and force them to reduce rates. In other words, the contention of the petitioners is that the respondent is bound to enter into PPAs with the petitioners and in pursuance of RPPO, purchase electricity from them at the rate mentioned in the order dated 20-03-2004. In this context,  it is pertinent to note that the respondent too accepts that it is obligated to purchase wind based energy to the extent of one-half of one percent and is willing to buy from the petitioners also.  Now, the question arises, whether the rates fixed by the Commission in its order dated 20.3.2004 in R.P. No.84/03 in O.P.No.1075/2000 automatically apply to the purchase of renewable energy by the respondent-licensee under RPPO.  In this context,  the Commission made a stipulation regarding the purchase price of energy in paragraph 21 of its order  dated 27.9.2005 in O.P.No.9 of  2005,  on renewable power purchase obligation, which is reproduced below:

 

21.      Upto and including the level of percentage specified in paragraphs 10 and 11 above, the distribution licensees can enter into long term PPAs with the NCE developers of relevant category.  The ceiling for the tariff of such purchases shall be as per order dated 20.03.2004 in R.P.No.84 of 2003 in O.P.No.1075 of 2000, as amended.  In case of purchase of electricity  other  than through long term PPAs, the ceiling tariffs shall be the total tariffs (fixed plus variable),  as worked out for each source of energy (co-generation, mini hydel etc.) on the basis of aforementioned  order of the Commission.”

 

Thus, clearly, the prices determined by the Commission in its order dated 20.3.2004 are only  ceiling prices for the procurement of renewable energy under RPPO  by the respondent and the respondent  is at liberty to negotiate a competitive price within the overall  ceilings specified by the Commission, as above.

 

Point (6):

24.       The other contention of the petitioners is that the respondent while advising the petitioners to go in for  open access and its inability to execute PPAs went ahead and executed PPAs with several other NCE developers and stated that the respondent is discriminating against the petitioners herein in particular and wind energy developers in general.  The three projects specifically identified by the petitioners in support of this allegation and the Commission’s findings thereon are as follows:

 

(a)   PPA with NEDCAP for its project at Narasimhakonda soon after the issue of order dated 20.03.2004 by the Commission.

 

This is a demonstration project approved by GoI, MNES.   Further, much prior to the issue of the order dated 20.03.2004, APTRANSCO had  submitted a PPA entered into by it with NEDCAP vide its letter dated 04.10.2003 for grant of consent by the Commission.  The Commission granted its consent on 31.12.2003, subject however, to a modification of one of the provisions of the PPA.  The consent was communicated by the Commission on 24.05.2004.

 

(b)       Entering into PPA with KCP Sugar and Industries Limited on 15.12.2004.

It is a bagasse-based 5 MW co-generation power project.  PPA dated 15.12.2004 was returned on 28.10.2005 with the advice that all PPAs yet to be consented to by the Commission may be re-examined in the light of RPPO order dated 27.09.2005 and Open Access Regulations. In response, on 05.12.2005,  APSPDCL submitted a revised PPA dated 03.12.2005 in line with RPPO and with negotiated tariff varying from year to year but lower than the tariffs determined in Commission’s order dated 20.03.2004. The revised PPA has been consented to by the Commission.

 

(c)        Entering into PPA with RDF Power Projects on 14.03.2005.

It is a Municipal Waste-based power project. APTRANSCO submitted the PPA dated 14.03.2005 which was returned to it on 22.10.2005 with the same observations as in the case of the PPA of KCP Sugar and Industries Limited, referred to at (b) above. The PPA is yet to be received back and has not been consented to by the Commission.

 

25.       From the above, it is clear that no undue favours have been extended to the other NCE developers, as alleged.

 

Point (7):

The petitioners have laid great emphasis on the Commission being obligated to promote NCE.   The learned counsel for the petitioners has cited inter-alia, Sections 4, 61 (h) and 86 (1) (e) of the Electricity Act, 2003, and clauses 5.12.1 and 5.12.2 of National Electricity Policy and clause 6.4 of the Tariff Policy in support of his contention. The Commission acknowledges that the point is well taken and that it is indeed one of its functions to promote NCE. The Commission has also taken quite a few steps expected of it towards promotion of NCE. In accordance with Section 86 (1)(e) of the Act, it has specified the percentage of total consumption in the area of a distribution licensee to be procured from renewable sources of energy vide its order dated 27.09.2005 in O.P.No.9 of 2005; it has made open access available vide Regulation No.2 of 2005 dated 01.07.2005 and in its order in O.P.No.16 of 2005 passed on 21.09.2005 fixing cross-subsidy surcharge, it has provided  a rebate of 50% to NCE sources. In its Order dated: 27.09.2005, the Commission has directed that one half of one per cent of the energy purchased by the distribution licensees should be from wind-based generation. This is a major, positive step taken by the Commission to promote wind-based energy recognizing its importance as a clean and green source of electrical power.

 

It is pertinent however, that, the National Electricity Plan (NEP) and the Tariff Policy, on which much reliance has been placed by the petitioners, too apart from seeking promotion of NCE, also speak of reduction in cost of energy “by promoting competition within such projects” (clause 5.12.1 of NEP) and that “such procurement by Distribution Licensees for future requirements shall be done, as far as possible, through competitive bidding process under Section 63 of the Act within suppliers offering energy from same type of non-conventional sources” (clause 6.4(2) of the Tariff Policy). 

 

            The respondent too has demonstrated by cogent evidence that there is scope for reducing cost of wind energy.  This was indeed also observed by the Commission in paragraph 78 of its order dated 20.03.2004 when it quoted from the October, 2002 MNES publication on Wind Power Development in India that “the cost of generation has reduced dramatically as manufacturing and other costs have come down…………  It is expected that cost could fell as a result of economics of scale as market expands.” The Commission notes that the respondent has been able to procure wind energy at a price of Rs.2.70/unit from developers who are placed similarly as the petitioners herein. Under these circumstances, the Commission would be failing in its various statutory duties including that of safeguarding of consumers’ interest if it compels the respondent to buy the power at the rate fixed in the order dated 20.03.2004, which is only a ceiling price  for  power procurement under the Commission’s order on RPPO.

 

Further, the very signing of PPAs with the four wind-based energy developers as above, also belies the contention of the petitioners that the respondent is discriminating against the wind energy developers in general.

 

Point (8):

27.       A further contention of the petitioners is that they were granted evacuation arrangement on 11-03-2005, in pursuance of which the petitioners also paid supervision charges in the same month. Also that power supply was also extended for testing and commissioning of the projects by APTRANSCO vide its letter dated 15.04.2005.  On the other hand, it is contended by the respondent that power supply was extended temporarily, only for testing, and not for commissioning. Further, HSCL informed APTRANSCO by letter dated        31.03.2005 stating that the energy that is going to be pumped into grid will not be claimed whenever the plants are in operation, without finalizing PPAs or banking arrangement or wheeling-cum-banking arrangement and therefore, the petitioners are estopped from claiming otherwise. 

 

28.       Irrespective of the rival contentions, one thing is clear from the letter dated 15.04.2005 that the extension of supply of power is meant to be only a temporary arrangement and that even otherwise, the petitioners would require evacuation arrangement for availing of various options available to them under law including for third party sale as advised by the respondent in its letter dated 18.01.2005.   The mere fact that evacuation arrangement was provided and that power supply was extended does not ipso facto create an obligation on respondent to purchase electricity from the petitioners.

 

Point (9)

29.       Another point put forward by the learned counsel for the petitioners is that in requesting the petitioners to negotiate the purchase price for energy generated by them, the respondent is trying to derive undue benefit of its monopoly in the field of procurement of energy.  The Commission is not persuaded to accept the contention.  The petitioners have various avenues open to them for sale of the energy generated by them: the avenue of selling power to traders was open to them from the very date (10.06.2003) the Electricity Act, 2003 came into force; they can go in for sale to third parties through the Open Access route; and there are now more than one distribution licensee – four to be precise --  in the State itself, to whom they can choose to sell the power,  in addition to selling the power to users/traders/distribution licensees, outside the State.

 

30.                   Conclusion

 

Issue (i).          For all the reasons stated above, the Commission finds no merit in the various contentions of the petitioners that the respondent has an obligation to purchase electricity generated by the petitioners’ plants at the purchase price fixed in Commission’s order dated:20.03.2004 in R.P.No.84 of 2003 in O.P.No.1075 of 2000.

 

Issue (ii).         It is not under dispute that the petitioners have been pumping electricity into the grid with a clear written commitment that no payments will be claimed for such energy unless appropriate PPA(s) etc., are entered into. Since, no such PPA(s), etc., are in place, the Commission finds itself in no position at all to issue any direction in the matter. As to the claim that such understanding was reached under duress or coercion, no evidence is produced in support of this contention.

 

31.       For all these reasons, the Commission finds no merit in the contentions of the petitioners and, accordingly, both the petitions are dismissed.

 

32.       Before parting with the petitions, the Commission observes that the issue as to whether or not Section 30 of the APER Act survives after the coming into force of Electricity Act, 2003, is not relevant to the issues raised in the petitions herein and does not like to dwell upon it.  Similarly, it also does not like to deal with the contention of the respondent that though the Commission’s order in O.P.No.9 of 2005 was issued in the middle of the year 2005-06, on 27.09.2005, making it applicable from 01.04.2005 casts an undue burden on the respondent, as the Commission is of the view that the present petitions are not the appropriate occasion to agitate this issue.  As to the plea that the Commission was required to issue Regulations, instead of an Order dated 27-09-2005 in O.P.No.9 of 2005, the Commission is satisfied that the said Order is fully in accordance with the provisions of the law.

 

          This Order is corrected and signed this 1st day of April 2006.

 

Sd/-

Sd/-

Sd/-

Surinder Pal

K.Sreerama Murthy

K.Swaminathan

MEMBER

MEMBER

CHAIRMAN

 

 

 

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